Parameters
Nominal value
Value of a variable (e.g. voltage, current, resistance ...) according to which a motor, blower, or pump, or its characteristics and parts are specified or according to which they are designated.
Power consumption P1
| P1 | Power consumption in W |
| U | Voltage in V |
| I | Current in A |
Output power P2
For motors the output power P2 is always given.
| P2 | Output power in W |
| M | Torque in Nm |
| n | Rotational speed in min-1 |
Efficiency η
Efficiency refers to the relationship between mechanical output
P2 and electrical power input P1.
Example:
Theoretically, a nominal voltage of 24 V and
a rated current of 35 A result in a power input of P1:
P1 = UN · IN
P1 = 24 V · 35 A
P1 = 840 W
This power consumption P1 and the output P2n
(see Fig. on site "characteristic curves") determined from the characteristic curves chart are used
to calculate the efficiency η:
Rated torque MN
The motor’s rated torque is calculated from:
| MN | Rated torque in Nm |
| P2N | Rated power output in W |
| nN | Rated speed in min-1 |
Rated speed nN
Rated speed refers to the speed of a motor supplied with rated voltage and driven at a rated output.
Direction of rotation
When looking at the motor’s shaft end, clockwise operation is deemed to be right-handed rotation. For motors with two shaft ends, the shaft end opposite the commutator determines the direction of rotation.
Short-circuit values
The current consumed by the motor in case of short-circuit (when armature is braked to standstill), is the maximum current Imax. When a short circuit occurs, the maximum torque MA (breakaway torque) is effective.
IP degrees of protection
Degrees of protection valid to DIN 40 050 are indicated by the IP code. The IP code consists of the letters IP
(internal protection) followed by two digits indicating the degree of protection.
Valid for electrical equipment of road vehicles as under IEC 60 529 and DIN 40 050, Part 9.
- Protection of electrical equipment within housing against infl uence of solid foreign bodies including dust.
- Protection of electrical equipment within housing against ingress of water.
- Protection of people against touching hazardous parts (Moving mechanical parts) within housing.
fig.:
IP-code structure
If an index number is not given, then the letter “X” must be substituted (i.e. “XX”,
if both index numbers are missing). Additional and/or supplementary letters can
be omitted without any substitution.
2) The supplementary letter “K” is placed either immediately after the fi rst index
numbers 5 and 6 or immediately after the second index numbers 4, 6 and 9.
3) During the water test for example: IP16KB
protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter ≥ 50 mm, protection
against powerful spray water at high pressure, protection against being
touched by fingers.
Explanations of IP code
| 1. Index no. and supple-mentary letter K | Protection of electrical equip- ment against ingress of foreign bodies |
People | 2. Index no. and supple-mentary letter K | Protection of electrical equip- ment against ingress of water |
Letter (facultative) | Protection of people in event of contact with hazardous parts | Letter (facultative) | |
| 0 | Not protected | Not protected | 0 | Not protected | A | Protection against contact with back of hand | M | Motion of moving parts3) |
| 1 | Protection against foreign bodies Ø ≥ 50mm |
Protection against contact with back of hand | 1 | Protection against vertical droplets | B | Protection against contact with fingers | S | Standstill of moving parts3) |
| 2 | Protection against foreign bodies Ø ≥ 12.5mm |
Protection against contact with fingers | 2 | Protection against droplets, 15° inclination | C | Protection against contact with tools | ||
| 3 | Protection against foreign bodies Ø ≥ 2.5mm |
Protection against contact with tools | 3 | Protection against spray water | D | Protection against contact with wire | ||
| 4 | Protection against foreign bodies Ø ≥ 1.5mm |
Protection against contact with wire | 4 | Protection against spray water | ||||
| 5K | Dust-protected | Protection against contact with wire | 4K | Protection against spray water with increased pressure | ||||
| 6K | Dust-proof | Protection against contact with wire | 5 | Protection against powerful spray water | ||||
| 6 | Protection against powerful spray water | |||||||
| 6K | Protection against powerful spray water with increased pressure | |||||||
| 7 | Protection against teporary immersion | |||||||
| 8 | Protection against permanent immersion | |||||||
| 9K | Protection against high pressure / vapor pressure cleaning |
Operating modes (VDE 0530)
Continuous operation S 1
Operation with constant load condition, the duration of which is sufficient to reach the
thermal steady-state condition.
Parameters for curve inspection
P1
Power input
PV
Power loss
J
Temperature
Jmax
Highest temperature
tB
Load period
tr
Relative on period (as percentage)
tS
Duration
tSt
Standstill period
Short-term operation S 2
Operation with constant load condition, which does not last long enough however to enable the
thermal steady-state condition to be reached, and a subsequent pause, which lasts long enough for
the motor temperature not to deviate more than 2 K from the coolant temperature.
Example: S 2 – 60 min
(The stated time refers to 60 minutes of operation at normal rating)
Intermittent operation S 3
Operation, comprised of a sequence of similar cycles, each of which encompasses a time with
constant load and a pause, whereby the startup current does not exert any perceptible influence
on heating..
Example: S 3 – 10 %
(Stated percentage refers to on period)
Symbols
Figure.: Symbols
Characteristic curves
With a specifi ed working point of 160 Ncm one plots a vertical line to the torque axis. The
intersecting points of these vertical lines with the various characteristic curves result in the operating
data for the rated speed nN, rated current IN
and mechanical output P2N.
Explanation of characteristic curve evaluation
Example:
AP
Working point
M
Torque
P2
Power input
I
Current
n
Rotational speed
Given: MN = 160 Ncm
Found: nN = 3800 min-1
P2N = 600 W and IN = 35 A
CE-Identification and manufacturer declaration in accordance with EU directive
As under the EU Directive all electrically-powered machines, devices and systems, which
are manufactured, imported and sold within the borders of the European Union must have a CE-label attached to them.
The EU Directive also includes the following individual guidelines, which are of significance for motor users.
1. Machine Directive
It is valid for self-contained operational machines
or any interlinking of machines to form integral systems. It is not valid for machine components however,
such as, for example, electrical control systems or electric motors which have no independent
function. The entire machine or system must always comply with the Directive.
2. Low-voltage Directive
It is valid and is to be applied for all electric motors as from a low-voltage limit of 75 V for
D.C. voltage and 50 V for A.C. voltage and higher. Because the electric motors listed in this
catalogue are designed for rated voltages of up to maximum 24 V, they are not governed by this Directive.
3. EMC Directive
This Directive is valid for all electrical and electronic devices, installations and systems. However, this Directive is also valid for complex
components such as, e.g. electric motors, although this only applies where they are openly
available for purchase by the public. The electric motors listed in this catalogue are solely shipped
as supplied parts or replacement parts, and are not subject to § 5 paragraph 5 of the EMC Act regarding a mandatory CE label.
The limits for the relaying and the radiation of high-frequency interference are specified in EN 55 014 of the EMC Act.
Because of the previously-mentioned reasons, Bosch electric motors are on no account subject to mandatory CE labeling.
We will gladly assist you with information in all matters relating to the acceptance of your application.
Motors with Hall sensor
Hall effekt
If a current IS flows through a chip, a Hall voltage
UH is generated transverse to the direction of
the current, the size of which is proportional to
the magnetic induction B (vertical to IS) and the
current IS. The Hall voltage UH is made up of:
RH
Hall-constant factor
d
Thickness of chip
Since the resulting Hall voltages are extremely small, they are amplifi ed. When using silicon
Hall elements, the circuit for signal processing (e.g. a Schmitt trigger with subsequent driver)
are integrated directly onto the same chip. This component is then designated a Hall-IC. The
output is a transistor with open collector, with which a switching function is realized.
Permanently connected to the armature shaft is a magnetic ring, the magnetic fi eld of which
permeates the Hall element. When the armature shaft rotates, the magnetomotive-force direction
in the Hall element changes. The output transistor is then either switched through or open.
Hall-effect applications in D.C. motors
By counting the generated output-voltage pulses, one can determine the number of rotations
and thus the speed. If the rotational motion is converted into a linear motion, it then becomes
possible to monitor the adjustment travel exactly. If there are two Hall generators installed offset to
each other at a specifi c angle á in a motor, then the direction of rotation can also be determined.
Basic arrangement in motor
H1, H1
Hall generator
N
North pole
S
South pole
α
Angle between the two
Hall generators
Output signals
U1
Output voltage of first Hall generators
U2
Output voltage of second Hall generators
α
Angle between the two Hall generators
φ
Rotational angle